A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is done to test the fluid (cerebrospinal fluid or CSF) around the spinal cord and brain. By placing a thin hollow needle between the bones of the lower back, a small sample of fluid can be taken for testing. Once enough fluid has been taken for testing, the needle will be removed.
A lumbar puncture can detect:
Infection
Inflammation
Cancer
Bleeding
A bandage may be place over the site. Your child may need to lay flat for about 60 minutes after the procedure to prevent a headache.
Drink plenty of fluid after the test and over the next 1 to 2 days. These fluids will help replace the CSF fluid taken for tests. The nurse will check the puncture site for redness or swelling before you leave.
Results
The length of time before you have the results of your test varies. Some results are ready in 1 to 2 days. Others may take weeks. Results will be sent to the doctor that ordered your test. Ask in the recovery unit if you are not sure.
Home Care
Keep resting for the rest of the day. Do quiet things like reading, watching TV, etc. No hard physical activity.
Recline in bed or on a sofa, until the next morning. Keep drinking plenty of fluids. Drinks with caffeine may help with any headache.
The morning after the test, you may take a shower and remove the band-aid. You may also resume your normal routine. No baths, swimming, or hot tubs for 3 days after the procedure.
If you get a headache after starting activity, return to resting. Lay flat and increase intake of fluids with caffeine. Most headaches after lumbar puncture go away on their own after several days.
You may take any over the counter pain killer (ibuprofen, Tylenol®, naproxen) for any pain.
No heavy lifting, twisting, bending or strenuous exercise for one week to allow the puncture site to heal.
When to Call
A severe headache that is not relieved by aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol) and if it lasts longer than 5 days after the procedure.
Dizziness
A stiff neck
Nausea or vomiting
Fever
Risks
Headache – You may have a headache after the test. It will depend on your position. It will happen when sitting or standing and resolve when laying down. This will go away on its own but let your nurse know if your headache is bad.
Bleeding – When the needle is inserted, there is a risk of bleeding at the site. If this happens, the bleeding is often light or stops on its own. Bleeding into the spinal canal is rare.